WIN32 helloCE 浅析（WINCE）

helloCE源码如下：

#include <windows.h> // For all that Windows stuff #include <commctrl.h> // Command bar includes #include "helloce.h" // Program-specific stuff //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // Global data // const TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("HelloCE"); HINSTANCE hInst; // Program instance handle // Message dispatch table for MainWindowProc const struct decodeUINT MainMessages[] = { WM_CREATE, DoCreateMain, WM_PAINT, DoPaintMain, WM_HIBERNATE, DoHibernateMain, WM_ACTIVATE, DoActivateMain, WM_DESTROY, DoDestroyMain, }; //====================================================================== // // Program entry point // int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { MSG msg; int rc = 0; HWND hwndMain; // init application rc = InitApp (hInstance); if (rc) return rc; // Initialize this instance. hwndMain = InitInstance (hInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow); if (hwndMain == 0) return 0x10; // Application message loop while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg); DispatchMessage (&msg); } // Instance cleanup return TermInstance (hInstance, msg.wParam); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // InitApp - Application initialization // int InitApp (HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASS wc; // Register application main window class. wc.style = 0; // Window style wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc; // Callback function wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // Extra class data wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // Extra window data wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Owner handle wc.hIcon = NULL, // Application icon wc.hCursor = NULL; // Default cursor wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // Menu name wc.lpszClassName = szAppName; // Window class name if (RegisterClass (&wc) == 0) return 1; return 0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // InitInstance - Instance initialization // HWND InitInstance (HINSTANCE hInstance, LPWSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; // Save program instance handle in global variable. hInst = hInstance; // Create main window. hWnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, // Window class TEXT("Hello"), // Window title WS_VISIBLE, // Style flags CW_USEDEFAULT, // x position CW_USEDEFAULT, // y position CW_USEDEFAULT, // Initial width CW_USEDEFAULT, // Initial height NULL, // Parent NULL, // Menu, must be null hInstance, // Application instance NULL); // Pointer to create parameters // Return fail code if window not created. if (!IsWindow (hWnd)) return 0; // Standard show and update calls ShowWindow (hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow (hWnd); return hWnd; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // TermInstance - Program cleanup // int TermInstance (HINSTANCE hInstance, int nDefRC) { return nDefRC; } //====================================================================== // Message handling procedures for main window // //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // MainWndProc - Callback function for application window // LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { INT i; // // Search message list to see if we need to handle this // message. If in list, call procedure. // for (i = 0; i < dim(MainMessages); i++) { if (wMsg == MainMessages[i].Code) return (*MainMessages[i].Fxn)(hWnd, wMsg, wParam, lParam); } return DefWindowProc (hWnd, wMsg, wParam, lParam); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // DoCreateMain - Process WM_CREATE message for window. // LRESULT DoCreateMain (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HWND hwndCB; // Create a command bar. hwndCB = CommandBar_Create (hInst, hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR); // Add exit button to command bar. CommandBar_AddAdornments (hwndCB, 0, 0); return 0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // DoPaintMain - Process WM_PAINT message for window. // LRESULT DoPaintMain (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { PAINTSTRUCT ps; RECT rect; HDC hdc; // Adjust the size of the client rectangle to take into account // the command bar height. GetClientRect (hWnd, &rect); rect.top += CommandBar_Height (GetDlgItem (hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR)); hdc = BeginPaint (hWnd, &ps); DrawText (hdc, TEXT ("Hello Windows CE!"), -1, &rect, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE); EndPaint (hWnd, &ps); return 0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // DoHibernateMain - Process WM_HIBERNATE message for window. // LRESULT DoHibernateMain (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { // If not the active window, nuke the command bar to save memory. if (GetActiveWindow () != hWnd) CommandBar_Destroy (GetDlgItem (hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR)); return 0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // DoActivateMain - Process WM_ACTIVATE message for window. // LRESULT DoActivateMain (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HWND hwndCB; // If activating and no command bar, create it. if ((LOWORD (wParam) != WA_INACTIVE) && (GetDlgItem (hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR) == 0)) { // Create a command bar. hwndCB = CommandBar_Create (hInst, hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR); // Add exit button to command bar. CommandBar_AddAdornments (hwndCB, 0, 0); } return 0; } //---------------------------------------------------------------------- // DoDestroyMain - Process WM_DESTROY message for window. // LRESULT DoDestroyMain (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { PostQuitMessage (0); return 0; }  

在WINCE中，WIN32程序和其他WINDOWS程序一样，入口点为WinMain函数，在WinMain函数总，首先调用了InitApp，我们来看看它都做了什么

int InitApp (HINSTANCE hInstance) {

    WNDCLASS wc;

    // Register application main window class.

    wc.style = 0;                             // Window style

    wc.lpfnWndProc = MainWndProc;             // Callback function

    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;                        // Extra class data

    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;                        // Extra window data

    wc.hInstance = hInstance;                 // Owner handle

    wc.hIcon = NULL,                          // Application icon

    wc.hCursor = NULL;                        // Default cursor

    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH);

    wc.lpszMenuName =  NULL;                  // Menu name

    wc.lpszClassName = szAppName;             // Window class name

    if (RegisterClass (&wc) == 0) return 1;

    return 0;

}

可以看到，InitApp的工作就是填充WNDCLASS结构体，并将其注册。在这里比较重要的就是lpfnWndProc这个字段，lpfnWndProc指向了MainWndProc这个回调函数（MainWndProc是用户自定义的函数，修改成其他名称也可以）。MainWndProc函数是整个WIN32程序的消息处理入口， MainWndProc函数内容如下：

LRESULT CALLBACK MainWndProc (HWND hWnd, UINT wMsg, WPARAM wParam, 

                              LPARAM lParam) {

    INT i;

    //

    // Search message list to see if we need to handle this

    // message.  If in list, call procedure.

    //

    for (i = 0; i < dim(MainMessages); i++) {

        if (wMsg == MainMessages[i].Code)

            return (*MainMessages[i].Fxn)(hWnd, wMsg, wParam, lParam);

    }

    return DefWindowProc (hWnd, wMsg, wParam, lParam);

}

在MainWndProc中用了一个循环体来查询系统消息并返回对应消息的处理函数

在文件头有如下的定义：

const struct decodeUINT MainMessages[] = {

    WM_CREATE, DoCreateMain,

    WM_PAINT, DoPaintMain,

    WM_HIBERNATE, DoHibernateMain,

    WM_ACTIVATE, DoActivateMain,

    WM_DESTROY, DoDestroyMain,

};

WM_CREATE：

WM_CREATE消息是发送到窗口的第一条消息，由WINDOWS处理CreateWindows函数时发送它，当WINDOWS接收到WM_CREATE消息就立即执行DoCreateMain函数，DoCreateMain函数中创建了一个用于该窗口的命令栏。

WM_PAINT：

WM_PAINT消息对应的函数DoPaintMain用于绘制窗口，在这里完成我们这个程序的核心功能——“Hello Windows CE!” ：）

WM_HIBERNATE：

WM_HIBERNATE消息可是WINCE所独有的哦，它被发送到某个窗口使得对应窗口的内存使用量减到最小。由于我们这个程序很简单，没什么好破坏的，减少内存的使用的唯一方法也就只能破坏命令栏控件了，呵呵。

  破坏方法：

if (GetActiveWindow () != hWnd)

   CommandBar_Destroy (GetDlgItem (hWnd, IDC_CMDBAR));

WM_ACTIVATE：

WM_ACTIVATE消息的作用是指出窗口应该恢复任意WM_HIBERNATE消息释放的数据结构或者窗口控件。

WM_DESTROY：

WM_DESTROY消息是我们这个程序必须处理的最后一条消息，在DoDestroyMain函数中调用PostQuitMessage函数，PostQuitMessage函数在消息队列中加入一条WM_QUIT消息，系统接到WM_QUIT消息我们的程序就GAME OVER啦。

貌似InitInstance函数忘记说了，这个函数就是完成窗口的创建，没啥好说的，呵呵！

基本上，这段代码是每一个WIN32程序都有的，是WIN32程序的最小框架，再复杂的程序，也是通过这个框架扩充。感觉理解了WIN32的程序，再来用MFC，有些地方茅塞顿开，让我这个VC菜鸟也提升了一大截，嘿嘿~~