GoogleTest 使用指南 ｜ 自动化测试运行

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#单元测试 #C++ #GoogleTest
于 2026-05-21 15:36:39 首次发布

GoogleTest 使用指南 ｜ 自动化测试运行

GoogleTest 使用指南 ｜ 自动化测试运行

自动化测试运行能够大幅提升测试效率，减少手动操作，提高测试的频率和一致性。以下介绍几种常见的自动化测试策略。

本地自动化脚本

编写脚本自动化执行测试过程，包括构建、运行测试和生成报告。

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
REPO_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
BUILD_DIR="${BUILD_DIR:-build-coverage}"
REPORT_DIR="${BUILD_DIR}/coverage-report"
CTEST_REPORT="${BUILD_DIR}/ctest-report.xml"
COVERAGE_INFO="${BUILD_DIR}/coverage.info"
COVERAGE_FILTERED_INFO="${BUILD_DIR}/coverage.filtered.info"
CLEAN_BUILD=0
OPEN_REPORT=0

usage() {
    cat <<EOF
Usage: $0 [--clean] [--open]

Options:
  --clean   Remove ${BUILD_DIR} before configuring.
  --open    Open the generated HTML coverage report after completion.

Environment:
  BUILD_DIR Override build directory. Default: build-coverage
EOF
}

while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    case "$1" in
        --clean)
            CLEAN_BUILD=1
            shift
            ;;
        --open)
            OPEN_REPORT=1
            shift
            ;;
        -h|--help)
            usage
            exit 0
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Unknown option: $1" >&2
            usage >&2
            exit 2
            ;;
    esac
done

require_command() {
    if ! command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
        echo "Missing required command: $1" >&2
        echo "Install dependencies with: brew install gcc lcov cmake" >&2
        exit 1
    fi
}

find_latest_gcc_version() {
    local brew_prefix
    brew_prefix="$(brew --prefix)"

    find "${brew_prefix}/bin" -maxdepth 1 \( -type f -o -type l \) -name 'gcc-[0-9]*' \
        | sed 's/.*gcc-//' \
        | sort -n \
        | tail -1
}

require_command brew
require_command cmake
require_command ctest
require_command lcov
require_command genhtml

BREW_PREFIX="$(brew --prefix)"
GCC_VERSION="${GCC_VERSION:-$(find_latest_gcc_version)}"

if [[ -z "${GCC_VERSION}" ]]; then
    echo "No Homebrew GCC found. Install it with: brew install gcc" >&2
    exit 1
fi

CC="${BREW_PREFIX}/bin/gcc-${GCC_VERSION}"
CXX="${BREW_PREFIX}/bin/g++-${GCC_VERSION}"
GCOV="${BREW_PREFIX}/bin/gcov-${GCC_VERSION}"

for tool in "${CC}" "${CXX}" "${GCOV}"; do
    if [[ ! -x "${tool}" ]]; then
        echo "Expected tool is not executable: ${tool}" >&2
        exit 1
    fi
done

cd "${REPO_ROOT}"

if [[ "${CLEAN_BUILD}" -eq 1 ]]; then
    echo "Cleaning ${BUILD_DIR}"
    cmake -E rm -rf "${BUILD_DIR}"
fi

echo "Using GCC ${GCC_VERSION}"
echo "Configuring ${BUILD_DIR}"
cmake -S . -B "${BUILD_DIR}" \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug \
    -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${CC}" \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${CXX}" \
    -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="--coverage -O0 -g" \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="--coverage -O0 -g" \
    -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="--coverage"

echo "Building"
cmake --build "${BUILD_DIR}"

echo "Resetting coverage counters"
lcov --directory "${BUILD_DIR}" --zerocounters >/dev/null

echo "Running tests"
ctest --test-dir "${BUILD_DIR}" \
    --output-on-failure \
    --output-junit "${CTEST_REPORT}"

echo "Capturing coverage"
lcov --capture \
    --directory "${BUILD_DIR}" \
    --gcov-tool "${GCOV}" \
    --ignore-errors inconsistent \
    --output-file "${COVERAGE_INFO}"

echo "Filtering coverage"
lcov --remove "${COVERAGE_INFO}" \
    "*/_deps/*" \
    "*/tests/*" \
    "/Applications/*" \
    "/Library/*" \
    "/opt/homebrew/*" \
    --gcov-tool "${GCOV}" \
    --ignore-errors unused \
    --output-file "${COVERAGE_FILTERED_INFO}"

echo "Generating HTML report"
genhtml "${COVERAGE_FILTERED_INFO}" \
    --output-directory "${REPORT_DIR}"

REPORT_INDEX="${REPO_ROOT}/${REPORT_DIR}/index.html"
echo
echo "Done."
echo "CTest report: ${REPO_ROOT}/${CTEST_REPORT}"
echo "Coverage report: ${REPORT_INDEX}"

if [[ "${OPEN_REPORT}" -eq 1 ]]; then
    open "${REPORT_INDEX}"
fi

它会自动完成：

  • 选择 Homebrew 安装的最新 gcc/g++/gcov
  • 配置 build-coverage
  • 使用 --coverage -O0 -g 构建项目
  • 运行全部 ctest
  • 生成 CTest XML 报告
  • 用 lcov + genhtml 生成 HTML 覆盖率报告

使用方法：

chmod +x ./scripts/run_coverage.sh
./scripts/run_coverage.sh

如果想清理后重新构建：

./scripts/run_coverage.sh --clean

如果想生成后自动打开 HTML 报告：

./scripts/run_coverage.sh --open

执行结果：

Using GCC 15
Configuring build-coverage
-- Configuring done (0.4s)
-- Generating done (0.4s)
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage
Building
[  2%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/example_lib.dir/src/calculator.cpp.o
[  4%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/example_lib.dir/src/max.cpp.o
[  7%] Linking CXX static library libexample_lib.a
[  7%] Built target example_lib
[  9%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/main.dir/src/main.cpp.o
[ 12%] Linking CXX executable main
[ 12%] Built target main
[ 14%] Building CXX object _deps/googletest-build/googletest/CMakeFiles/gtest.dir/src/gtest-all.cc.o
[ 17%] Linking CXX static library ../../../lib/libgtest.a
[ 17%] Built target gtest
[ 19%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.o
[ 21%] Linking CXX executable test_main
[ 21%] Built target test_main
[ 24%] Building CXX object _deps/googletest-build/googletest/CMakeFiles/gtest_main.dir/src/gtest_main.cc.o
[ 26%] Linking CXX static library ../../../lib/libgtest_main.a
[ 26%] Built target gtest_main
[ 29%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_max.dir/tests/test_max.cpp.o
[ 31%] Linking CXX executable test_max
[ 31%] Built target test_max
[ 34%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_min.dir/tests/test_min.cpp.o
[ 36%] Linking CXX executable test_min
[ 36%] Built target test_min
[ 39%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_prime.dir/tests/test_prime.cpp.o
[ 41%] Linking CXX executable test_prime
[ 41%] Built target test_prime
[ 43%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_suite.dir/tests/test_suite.cpp.o
[ 46%] Linking CXX executable test_suite
[ 46%] Built target test_suite
[ 48%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_calculator.dir/tests/test_calculator.cpp.o
[ 51%] Linking CXX executable test_calculator
[ 51%] Built target test_calculator
[ 53%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_container.dir/tests/test_container.cpp.o
[ 56%] Linking CXX executable test_container
[ 56%] Built target test_container
[ 58%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_numeric.dir/tests/test_numeric.cpp.o
[ 60%] Linking CXX executable test_numeric
[ 60%] Built target test_numeric
[ 63%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_queue.dir/tests/test_queue.cpp.o
[ 65%] Linking CXX executable test_queue
[ 65%] Built target test_queue
[ 68%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_bank_vault.dir/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp.o
[ 70%] Linking CXX executable test_bank_vault
[ 70%] Built target test_bank_vault
[ 73%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_utility.dir/tests/test_utility.cpp.o
[ 75%] Linking CXX executable test_utility
[ 75%] Built target test_utility
[ 78%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_database.dir/tests/test_database.cpp.o
[ 80%] Linking CXX executable test_database
[ 80%] Built target test_database
[ 82%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_add_param.dir/tests/test_add_param.cpp.o
[ 85%] Linking CXX executable test_add_param
[ 85%] Built target test_add_param
[ 87%] Building CXX object _deps/googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock.dir/src/gmock-all.cc.o
[ 90%] Linking CXX static library ../../../lib/libgmock.a
[ 90%] Built target gmock
[ 92%] Building CXX object _deps/googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_main.dir/src/gmock_main.cc.o
[ 95%] Linking CXX static library ../../../lib/libgmock_main.a
[ 95%] Built target gmock_main
[ 97%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/test_network_client.dir/tests/test_network_client.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable test_network_client
[100%] Built target test_network_client
Resetting coverage counters
Running tests
Test project /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage
      Start  1: test_main
 1/14 Test  #1: test_main ........................   Passed    0.51 sec
      Start  2: test_max
 2/14 Test  #2: test_max .........................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start  3: test_min
 3/14 Test  #3: test_min .........................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start  4: test_prime
 4/14 Test  #4: test_prime .......................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start  5: test_suite
 5/14 Test  #5: test_suite .......................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start  6: test_calculator
 6/14 Test  #6: test_calculator ..................   Passed    0.36 sec
      Start  7: test_container
 7/14 Test  #7: test_container ...................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start  8: test_numeric
 8/14 Test  #8: test_numeric .....................   Passed    0.51 sec
      Start  9: test_queue
 9/14 Test  #9: test_queue .......................   Passed    0.37 sec
      Start 10: test_bank_vault
10/14 Test #10: test_bank_vault ..................   Passed    0.35 sec
      Start 11: test_utility
11/14 Test #11: test_utility .....................   Passed    0.36 sec
      Start 12: test_database
12/14 Test #12: test_database ....................   Passed    0.36 sec
      Start 13: test_add_param
13/14 Test #13: test_add_param ...................   Passed    0.36 sec
      Start 14: test_network_client
14/14 Test #14: test_network_client ..............   Passed    0.37 sec

100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 14

Total Test time (real) =   5.33 sec
Capturing coverage
Capturing coverage data from build-coverage
geninfo cmd: '/opt/homebrew/Cellar/lcov/2.4_1/bin/geninfo build-coverage --toolname lcov --output-filename build-coverage/coverage.info --ignore-errors inconsistent --gcov-tool /opt/homebrew/bin/gcov-15'
Found gcov version: 15.2.0
Using intermediate gcov format
Recording 'internal' directories:
        /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage
        build-coverage
Writing temporary data to /tmp/geninfo_dat4UYm
Scanning build-coverage for .gcda files ...
Found 20 data files in build-coverage
using: chunkSize: 1, nchunks:20, intervalLength:1
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN39BankVaultTest_AccessPrivateMembers_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp:4: 4 -> 9 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_bank_vault.dir/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN41BankVaultTest_TestPasswordValidation_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp:11: 11 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_bank_vault.dir/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN40BankVaultTest_DISABLED_TestWithdraw_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp:18: 18 -> 24 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_bank_vault.dir/tests/test_bank_vault.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN35AddTest_HandlesDifferentInputs_Test13AddToRegistryEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_add_param.cpp:16: 20 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_add_param.dir/tests/test_add_param.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN35AddTest_HandlesDifferentInputs_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_add_param.cpp:16: 20 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_add_param.dir/tests/test_add_param.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN36UtilityTest_PrivateStaticMethod_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_utility.cpp:4: 4 -> 8 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_utility.dir/tests/test_utility.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN18FooTest_Test1_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_suite.cpp:25: 25 -> 28 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_suite.dir/tests/test_suite.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN18FooTest_Test2_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_suite.cpp:30: 30 -> 33 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_suite.dir/tests/test_suite.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MaxTest_NegativeNumbers_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:5: 5 -> 8 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MaxTest_NegativeNumbers_TestD0Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:5: 8 -> 5 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MaxTest_NegativeNumbers_TestD1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:5: 8 -> 5 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN25MaxTest_MixedNumbers_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:10: 10 -> 13 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN25MaxTest_MixedNumbers_TestD1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:10: 13 -> 10 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN25MaxTest_MixedNumbers_TestD0Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:10: 13 -> 10 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MinTest_PositiveNumbers_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:16: 16 -> 19 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MinTest_PositiveNumbers_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:16: 19 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MinTest_NegativeNumbers_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:21: 21 -> 24 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN28MinTest_NegativeNumbers_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_main.cpp:21: 24 -> 21 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_main.dir/tests/test_main.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN19Max_MaxOf3And5_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_max.cpp:4: 4 -> 7 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_max.dir/tests/test_max.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN20Max_MaxOf10And5_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_max.cpp:9: 9 -> 12 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_max.dir/tests/test_max.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN38NetworkClientTest_SendDataSuccess_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_network_client.cpp:8: 8 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_network_client.dir/tests/test_network_client.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN38NetworkClientTest_SendDataFailure_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_network_client.cpp:18: 18 -> 26 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_network_client.dir/tests/test_network_client.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN30DatabaseTest_InsertRecord_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_database.cpp:59: 59 -> 62 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_database.dir/tests/test_database.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN30DatabaseTest_DeleteRecord_Test8TestBodyEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_database.cpp:64: 64 -> 66 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_database.dir/tests/test_database.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN30CalculatorTest_Operations_Test13AddToRegistryEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_calculator.cpp:8: 25 -> 8 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_calculator.dir/tests/test_calculator.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN30CalculatorTest_Operations_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_calculator.cpp:8: 25 -> 8 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_calculator.dir/tests/test_calculator.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN38CalculatorCombinedTest_Operations_Test13AddToRegistryEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_calculator.cpp:42: 63 -> 42 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_calculator.dir/tests/test_calculator.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN38CalculatorCombinedTest_Operations_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_calculator.cpp:42: 63 -> 42 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_calculator.dir/tests/test_calculator.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN29PrimeTest_CheckPrimality_Test13AddToRegistryEv at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_prime.cpp:16: 23 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_prime.dir/tests/test_prime.cpp.gcda
lcov: WARNING: (inconsistent) mismatched end line for _ZN29PrimeTest_CheckPrimality_TestC1Ev at /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/tests/test_prime.cpp:16: 23 -> 16 while capturing from build-coverage/CMakeFiles/test_prime.dir/tests/test_prime.cpp.gcda
Finished processing 20 GCDA files
Apply filtering..
Finished filter file processing
Finished .info-file creation
Summary coverage rate:
  source files: 122
  lines.......: 47.4% (4716 of 9945 lines)
  functions...: 61.6% (4014 of 6512 functions)
Message summary:
  30 warning messages:
    inconsistent: 30
  1 ignore message:
    inconsistent: 1
Filtering coverage
Excluding /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.sdk/usr/include/___wctype.h
Excluding /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX15.sdk/usr/include/_ctype.h
Excluding /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/_deps/googletest-src/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
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Excluding /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/_deps/googletest-src/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-assertion-result.h
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Excluding /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/_deps/googletest-src/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-message.h
Excluding /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/_deps/googletest-src/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-param-test.h
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Removed 113 files
Writing data to build-coverage/coverage.filtered.info
Summary coverage rate:
  source files: 9
  lines.......: 74.4% (32 of 43 lines)
  functions...: 90.5% (19 of 21 functions)
lcov: WARNING: (unused) 'exclude' pattern '/Applications/*' is unused.
        (use "lcov --ignore-errors unused,unused ..." to suppress this warning)
Message summary:
  1 warning message:
    unused: 1
Generating HTML report
Reading tracefile build-coverage/coverage.filtered.info.
Found 9 entries.
Found common filename prefix "/Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example"
Generating output.
Processing file include/environment.h
  lines=6 hit=6 functions=2 hit=2
Processing file include/bank_vault.h
  lines=8 hit=3 functions=3 hit=2
Processing file include/mock_network_interface.h
  lines=1 hit=1 functions=2 hit=2
Processing file include/min.h
  lines=2 hit=2 functions=3 hit=3
Processing file include/network_interface.h
  lines=1 hit=1 functions=1 hit=1
Processing file include/network_client.h
  lines=5 hit=4 functions=2 hit=2
Processing file src/calculator.cpp
  lines=14 hit=9 functions=5 hit=4
Processing file include/utility.h
  lines=4 hit=4 functions=2 hit=2
Processing file src/max.cpp
  lines=2 hit=2 functions=1 hit=1
Overall coverage rate:
  source files: 9
  lines.......: 74.4% (32 of 43 lines)
  functions...: 90.5% (19 of 21 functions)
Message summary:
  no messages were reported

Done.
CTest report: /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/ctest-report.xml
Coverage report: /Users/xiye/CppProjects/googletest-example/build-coverage/coverage-report/index.html

生成文件位置：

  • build-coverage/ctest-report.xml
  • build-coverage/coverage-report/index.html

使用持续集成（CI）工具

将测试流程集成到持续集成系统中，实现每次代码提交后自动运行测试。常用的 CI 工具包括 GitHub Actions、Jenkins、Travis CI 等。

示例：使用 GitHub Actions

创建 .github/workflows/ci.yml 文件：

name: CI

on:
  push:
  pull_request:

jobs:
  build-and-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake

      - name: Configure
        run: cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

      - name: Build
        run: cmake --build build --parallel

      - name: Run tests
        run: ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure

触发条件：每次代码推送或拉取请求时触发

  • push
  • pull_request

CI 步骤：

  • 检出代码
  • 安装 build-essential 和 cmake
  • 配置 CMake
  • 构建项目
  • 运行 ctest

代码推送后，可以看到测试自动化结果：

在这里插入图片描述

定时自动化测试

设定定时任务（如 Cron 作业），定期运行测试，确保项目在长时间运行中的稳定性。

示例：Cron 作业

编辑 Crontab 文件：

crontab -e

添加以下行，每天凌晨 2 点运行测试脚本：

0 2 * * * /scripts/run_coverage.sh >> /scripts/run_coverage.sh 2>&1
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本文详细介绍了如何使用Googletest和CMake为C++项目构建自动化测试流水线，涵盖工程化测试架构、测试代码组织、开发环境集成及持续CI配置。通过模块化项目结构、现代Googletest集成方式和高级测试实践，帮助开发者提升测试效率与代码质量，特别适合Windows平台开发者结合VS测试资源管理器使用。
GoogleTest并行测试指南：利用多核CPU加速测试执行
gitblog_00931的博客
09-26 899
在软件开发过程中，随着项目规模的扩大，测试用例数量往往会急剧增加，导致测试执行时间变得越来越长。特别是在持续集成/持续部署（CI/CD）环境中，过长的测试时间会严重影响开发效率和迭代速度。大多数现代计算机都配备了多核CPU，但默认情况下，GoogleTest（Google Testing and Mocking Framework）的测试执行是串行的，无法充分利用多核处理器的计算能力。本文将详细介...
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