1150 Travelling Salesman Problem (25 point(s))

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-08 18:21:11 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2020-07-08 18:21:11 发布 · 239 阅读

0 ·

本内容遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议

PAT 专栏收录该内容

138 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文探讨了旅行商问题（Travelling Salesman Problem），一种在组合优化中经典的NP-hard问题。通过给定的城市列表及其相互之间的距离，目标是找到一条访问每个城市一次并返回起点的最短可能路线。文章提供了一种解决方案，使用邻接矩阵存储城市间的距离，并对给定的路径序列进行评估，判断其是否构成旅行商问题的有效解，同时确定最接近最优解的路径。

1150 Travelling Salesman Problem (25 point(s))

The "travelling salesman problem" asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city and returns to the origin city?" It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, important in operations research and theoretical computer science. (Quoted from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem".)

In this problem, you are supposed to find, from a given list of cycles, the one that is the closest to the solution of a travelling salesman problem.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 2 positive integers N (2<N≤200), the number of cities, and M, the number of edges in an undirected graph. Then M lines follow, each describes an edge in the format City1 City2 Dist, where the cities are numbered from 1 to N and the distance Dist is positive and is no more than 100. The next line gives a positive integer K which is the number of paths, followed by K lines of paths, each in the format:

n C1 C2 ... Cn

where n is the number of cities in the list, and Ci's are the cities on a path.

Output Specification:

For each path, print in a line Path X: TotalDist (Description) where X is the index (starting from 1) of that path, TotalDist its total distance (if this distance does not exist, output NA instead), and Description is one of the following:

TS simple cycle if it is a simple cycle that visits every city;
TS cycle if it is a cycle that visits every city, but not a simple cycle;
Not a TS cycle if it is NOT a cycle that visits every city.

Finally print in a line Shortest Dist(X) = TotalDist where X is the index of the cycle that is the closest to the solution of a travelling salesman problem, and TotalDist is its total distance. It is guaranteed that such a solution is unique.

Sample Input:

6 10
6 2 1
3 4 1
1 5 1
2 5 1
3 1 8
4 1 6
1 6 1
6 3 1
1 2 1
4 5 1
7
7 5 1 4 3 6 2 5
7 6 1 3 4 5 2 6
6 5 1 4 3 6 2
9 6 2 1 6 3 4 5 2 6
4 1 2 5 1
7 6 1 2 5 4 3 1
7 6 3 2 5 4 1 6

Sample Output:

Path 1: 11 (TS simple cycle)
Path 2: 13 (TS simple cycle)
Path 3: 10 (Not a TS cycle)
Path 4: 8 (TS cycle)
Path 5: 3 (Not a TS cycle)
Path 6: 13 (Not a TS cycle)
Path 7: NA (Not a TS cycle)
Shortest Dist(4) = 8

结合图论的模拟题。由于需要快速根据边的结点获得距离，因此采用邻接矩阵来存储。

思路：

对于每一个给定的序列，首先计算总距离，按照序列顺序计算每两个相邻的结点的距离，每到一个结点标记该结点，如果边不存在，直接跳出循环。迭代完成后，如果存在没有标记的结点，说明Not a TS cycle，否则，如果是TS simple cycle，则有序列的长度刚好比结点数多1，如果超过1则说明只是TS cycle。

注意对TS simple cycle和TS cycle记录最短距离和路径编号。

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
const int MAX = 207;
int N,M,K;
bool visit[MAX]={false};
int graph[MAX][MAX];
int main(void){
	cin>>N>>M;int a,b,dist;
	memset(graph,-1,sizeof(graph));
	for(int i=0;i<M;i++){
		cin>>a>>b>>dist;
		graph[a][b]=dist;
		graph[b][a]=dist;
	}
	cin>>K;
	int l,m;vector<int> v;
	int min = INF;int index =-1;
	for(int j=1;j<=K;j++){
		cin>>l;
		v.clear();
		for(int i=0;i<l;i++){
			cin>>m;
			v.push_back(m);
		}
		memset(visit,false,sizeof(visit));
		bool edgeExist = true;int total = 0;
		for(int i=0;i+1<v.size();i++){
			if(graph[v[i]][v[i+1]]==-1) edgeExist = false;
			else{
				total+=graph[v[i]][v[i+1]];
				visit[v[i+1]]=true; 
			}
		}
		cout<<"Path "<<j<<": ";
		if(!edgeExist){
			cout<<"NA "<<"(Not a TS cycle)"<<endl;
			continue;
		}
		bool isTSC = true;
		for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){
			if(!visit[i]){
				isTSC = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		if(!isTSC){
			cout<<total<<" (Not a TS cycle)"<<endl;
		}
		else{
			cout<<total;
			if(v.size()==N+1) cout<<" (TS simple cycle)"<<endl;
			else if(v.size()>N+1) cout<<" (TS cycle)"<<endl;
			if(total<min){
				index=j;
				min = total;
			}
		}
	}
	cout<<"Shortest Dist("<<index<<") = "<<min<<endl; 
	return 0;
}