数据库事务锁排查，com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLTransactionRollbackException: Lock wait timeout 。mysql锁超时

原创于 2026-03-31 15:14:56 发布 · 313 阅读

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GEO检测

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1. 问题：接口出现大量锁等待超时：

堆栈信息：

org.springframework.dao.CannotAcquireLockException: 
### Error updating database.  Cause: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLTransactionRollbackException: Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
### The error may exist in com/test/entity/mapper/UserLoginHistoryMapper.java (best guess)
### The error may involve com.test.entity.mapper.UserLoginHistoryMapper.insert-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: INSERT INTO user_login_history  ( uid,  device, ip, os, region )  VALUES (  ?,  ?, ?, ?, ?  )
### Cause: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLTransactionRollbackException: Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
; Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
	at org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator.doTranslate(SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator.java:274)
	at org.springframework.jdbc.support.AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.translate(AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator.java:107)
	at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:95)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:347)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy127.insert(Unknown Source)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.insert(SqlSessionTemplate.java:224)
	at com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.override.MybatisMapperMethod.execute(MybatisMapperMethod.java:59)
	at com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.override.MybatisMapperProxy$PlainMethodInvoker.invoke(MybatisMapperProxy.java:156)
	at com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.override.MybatisMapperProxy.invoke(MybatisMapperProxy.java:93)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy170.insert(Unknown Source)
	at com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.repository.IRepository.save(IRepository.java:37)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:360)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:724)
	at com.test.biz.service.impl.UserLoginHistoryServiceImpl$$SpringCGLIB$$0.save()
	at com.test.controller.api.common.LoginController2.loginPwd(LoginController2.java:110)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:258)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:191)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:118)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:991)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:896)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1089)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:914)
	at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:590)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885)
	at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter.doFilterInternal(CorsFilter.java:91)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at com.parapack.wallet.core.xss.filter.XssFilter.doFilter(XssFilter.java:63)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at cn.dev33.satoken.filter.SaFirewallCheckFilterForJakartaServlet.doFilter(SaFirewallCheckFilterForJakartaServlet.java:69)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at cn.dev33.satoken.filter.SaTokenCorsFilterForJakartaServlet.doFilter(SaTokenCorsFilterForJakartaServlet.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at cn.dev33.satoken.filter.SaTokenContextFilterForJakartaServlet.doFilter(SaTokenContextFilterForJakartaServlet.java:40)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.ServerHttpObservationFilter.doFilterInternal(ServerHttpObservationFilter.java:110)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:138)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:165)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:88)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:113)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:83)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:72)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:903)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1774)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:973)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:491)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
Caused by: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLTransactionRollbackException: Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:115)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:114)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:988)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.execute(ClientPreparedStatement.java:383)
	at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.ProxyPreparedStatement.execute(ProxyPreparedStatement.java:44)
	at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariProxyPreparedStatement.execute(HikariProxyPreparedStatement.java)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.PreparedStatementHandler.update(PreparedStatementHandler.java:48)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.RoutingStatementHandler.update(RoutingStatementHandler.java:75)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.invoke(Plugin.java:61)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy478.update(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.doUpdate(SimpleExecutor.java:50)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.update(BaseExecutor.java:117)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.update(CachingExecutor.java:76)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Invocation.proceed(Invocation.java:61)
	at com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.MybatisPlusInterceptor.intercept(MybatisPlusInterceptor.java:106)
	at org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.invoke(Plugin.java:59)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy477.update(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Plugin.invoke(Plugin.java:61)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy477.update(Unknown Source)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.update(DefaultSqlSession.java:197)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.insert(DefaultSqlSession.java:184)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
	at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:333)
	... 81 more

2. 问题发生后，服务已不可用，首先要止损，保证业务还能够运转。根据上述堆栈信息，我直接将save 方法进行了注释。发布更新。

3. 根据mysql 命令，或者向llm 提问，查询死锁sql 进行排查：

排查命令：

# 查看锁超时情况
SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_TRX 
WHERE trx_state = 'LOCK WAIT';

4. 查看阻塞：

# 查看锁等待，谁被阻塞

SELECT 
    r.trx_id waiting_trx_id,
    r.trx_mysql_thread_id waiting_thread,
    r.trx_query waiting_query,
    b.trx_id blocking_trx_id,
    b.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_thread,
    b.trx_query blocking_query
FROM information_schema.innodb_lock_waits w
INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx b ON b.trx_id = w.blocking_trx_id
INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx r ON r.trx_id = w.requesting_trx_id;

由blocking_query 查看出是由于另外一条sql（查找 24-48 小时内活跃的用户）导致

当前锁超时sql 问题：

1. 首先user_login_history 没有加索引，导致全表扫描

2. exists 导致每行都要全表查询一次

3. insert SELECT 会加共享锁（S锁），且范围是整个表或大量行

4. INSERT user_login_history，需要插入意向锁，被这个查询的 S 锁阻塞

会话A（你的定时任务）：执行上面的 INSERT ... SELECT
→ 对 user_login_history 加大量 S 锁（间隙锁/行锁）
→ 因为无索引，可能锁定整个表或大量区间

会话B（用户登录）：INSERT INTO user_login_history ...
→ 需要插入意向锁（Insert Intention Lock）
→ 发现会话A持有 S 锁，等待...
→ 等待 50 秒，超时报错：Lock wait timeout exceeded

解决：

1. 当前sql 是另外一个组的，同步通知

2. 表加索引

3. 可异步处理登录历史业务

4. 添加日志