C++ Primer(第五版) 7.3.1--7.3.4节练习

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本文详细讨论了C++ Primer第五版第7.3.1到7.3.4节的练习，涉及Screen类的相关操作，包括默认拷贝构造函数的适用性、对象副本的返回、成员变量的影响以及代码的优缺点分析。

7.23

#ifndef	SCREEN_H
#define	SCREEN_H

class Screen {
public:
	using pos = std::string::size_type;
	Screen() = default;
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, ' ') { }
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd, char c): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, c) { }
	char get() const { return contents[cursor]; }
	inline char get(pos r, pos c) const;
	Screen &move(pos r, pos c);
private:
	pos cursor = 0;
	pos height = 0, width = 0;
	std::string contents;
};

char Screen::get(pos r, pos c) const
{
	return contents[r * width + c];
}

inline Screen &move(pos r, pos c)
{
	cursor = r * width + c;
	return *this;
}

#endif

7.24 见7.23代码

7.25 可以使用默认版本，其数据成员cursor，height和width都是内置类型，contents是string类型，定义了拷贝和赋值运算符，默认版本能够正确处理。

7.26

class Sales_data {
public:
	/* ... */
	double avg_price() const; 
    /* ... */
};

inline double Sales_data::avg_price() const 
{
	if (units_sold)
		return revenue / units_sold;
	else
		return 0;
}

7.27 Screen类：

#ifndef	SCREEN_H
#define	SCREEN_H

class Screen {
public:
	using pos = std::string::size_type;
	Screen() = default;
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, ' ') { }
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd, char c): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, c) { }
	char get() const { return contents[cursor]; }
	inline char get(pos r, pos c) const;
	Screen &move(pos r, pos c);
	Screen &set(char);
	Screen &display(std::ostream &os) { do_display(os); return *this; }
	const Screen &display(std::ostream &os) const { do_display(os); return *this; }
private:
	pos cursor = 0;
	pos height = 0, width = 0;
	std::string contents;
	void do_display(std::ostream &os) const { os << contents; }
};

char Screen::get(pos r, pos c) const
{
	return contents[r * width + c];
}

inline Screen &Screen::move(pos r, pos c)
{
	cursor = r * width + c;
	return *this;
}

inline Screen &Screen::set(char c)
{
	contents[cursor] = c;
	return *this;
}



#endif

测试程序：

#include <iostream>
#include "Screen.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Screen myScreen(5, 5, 'X');
	myScreen.move(4, 0).set('#').display(cout);
	cout << '\n';
	myScreen.display(cout);
	cout << "\n";
	
	return 0;
}

7.28 返回类型为Screen，只会返回对象的副本，不会改变对象的值。

7.29 改为Screen，myScreen值不变。

7.30 优点是比较明确，缺点是不够简洁。

7.31

class Y;

class X {
private:
    Y *py;
};

class Y {
private:
    X x0;
}

7.32

#ifndef	SCREEN_H
#define	SCREEN_H

#include <vector>

using std::string;
using std::vector;

class Screen;

class Window_mgr {
public:
	using ScreenIndex = std::vector<Screen>::size_type;
	void clear(ScreenIndex);
private:
	vector<Screen> screens;
};

class Screen {
friend void Window_mgr::clear(Window_mgr::ScreenIndex);
public:
	using pos = std::string::size_type;
	Screen() = default;
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, ' ') { }
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd, char c): height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht * wd, c) { }
	char get() const { return contents[cursor]; }
	inline char get(pos r, pos c) const;
	Screen &move(pos r, pos c);
	Screen &set(char);
	Screen &display(std::ostream &os) { do_display(os); return *this; }
	const Screen &display(std::ostream &os) const { do_display(os); return *this; }
private:
	pos cursor = 0;
	pos height = 0, width = 0;
	std::string contents;
	void do_display(std::ostream &os) const { os << contents; }
};

char Screen::get(pos r, pos c) const
{
	return contents[r * width + c];
}

inline Screen &Screen::move(pos r, pos c)
{
	cursor = r * width + c;
	return *this;
}

inline Screen &Screen::set(char c)
{
	contents[cursor] = c;
	return *this;
}

void Window_mgr::clear(ScreenIndex i)
{
	Screen &s = screens[i];
	s.contents = string(s.height * s.width, ' ');
}

#endif