feat: default and catch funcs

[Oudwins]

Summary by CodeRabbit

Release Notes

• New Features

  • Added DefaultFunc() and CatchFunc() methods across all schema types, enabling defaults and catch values to be supplied via functions for dynamic value generation.

• Documentation

  • Updated API reference to document new DefaultFunc() and CatchFunc() methods.

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[coderabbitai]

Walkthrough

This pull request refactors default and catch value handling across all schema types (Any, Boolean, Number, String, Time, Map, Slice) from concrete pointers to lazy function-based providers. Core parsing/validation functions are updated to accept and invoke these function callbacks instead of dereferencing values directly. Tests are added for both parsing and validation flows.

Changes

Cohort / File(s)	Summary
Schema Type Refactoring: Any any.go, any_test.go, any_validate_test.go	Replaced defaultVal *any and catch *any fields with defaultFunc func() any and catchFunc func() any. Updated Default() and Catch() methods to delegate to new DefaultFunc() and CatchFunc() methods. Added comprehensive test coverage for parsing and validation flows with function-based defaults/catches.
Schema Type Refactoring: Boolean boolean.go, boolean_test.go, boolean_validate_test.go	Converted boolean schema defaults/catches from concrete pointers to function-based providers. Default() and Catch() now delegate to DefaultFunc() and CatchFunc(). Tests verify correct invocation counts and value propagation for nil and invalid inputs.
Schema Type Refactoring: Number numbers.go, numbers_test.go, numbers_validate_test.go	Applied function-based default/catch pattern to NumberSchema. Methods Default() and Catch() wrap literal values and delegate to DefaultFunc() and CatchFunc(). Tests validate invocation order and counts across default and catch scenarios.
Schema Type Refactoring: String string.go, string_test.go, string_validate_test.go	Replaced StringSchema pointer fields with defaultFunc func() T and catchFunc func() T. Preserved API surface with delegation pattern. Tests ensure proper sequencing of DefaultFunc/CatchFunc with constraint validation (Min, Required).
Schema Type Refactoring: Time time.go, time_test.go, time_validate_test.go	TimeSchema converted to function-based defaults/catches. Updated primitiveParsing/primitiveValidation calls. Tests verify DefaultFunc invoked on nil and CatchFunc invoked on constraint violations.
Schema Type Refactoring: Map & Slice maps.go, maps_test.go, maps_validate_test.go, slices.go, slices_test.go, slices_validate_test.go	MapSchema replaced defaultVal map[K]V with defaultFunc func() map[K]V; SliceSchema replaced defaultVal any with defaultFunc func() any. Both add DefaultFunc() methods with delegation from Default(). Tests validate lazy initialization and invocation counts.
Core Infrastructure Changes zogSchema.go, toZSS.go	Updated primitiveParsing() and primitiveValidation() function signatures to accept defaultFunc func() T and catchFunc func() T instead of defaultVal *T and catch *T. All internal logic updated to invoke functions instead of dereferencing. Helper functions added to toZSS.go for deriving default values from functions.
Documentation docs/docs/reference.md	Added documentation for new public methods DefaultFunc(fn) and CatchFunc(fn) alongside existing Default(value) and Catch(value) methods.

Estimated code review effort

🎯 4 (Complex) | ⏱️ ~60 minutes

Possibly related PRs

• feat: provide better panic msgs and docs #153: Modifies zogSchema.go primitiveParsing/primitiveValidation implementations with overlapping changes to core parsing/validation error handling paths.
• feat: experimental map schema #211: Updates MapSchema defaults handling in maps.go and toZSS map processing; directly related to the map refactoring in this PR.
• feat: json experimentation #203: Introduces toZSS conversion helpers and deepCopyPrimitivePtr that are directly replaced by the defaultValueFromFunc/defaultValueFromAnyFunc patterns in this PR.

Poem

🐰 With functions now we lazily provide,
No pointers stored, just closures deep inside.
Defaults and catches bloom on demand,
Each schema transformed by a refactoring hand! ✨

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 2 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name	Status	Explanation	Resolution
Docstring Coverage	⚠️ Warning	Docstring coverage is 10.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%.	Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.

✅ Passed checks (2 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Description Check	✅ Passed	Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly summarizes the main change: introducing default and catch functions across multiple schema types, which is the primary refactoring throughout the codebase.

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✨ Finishing touches

• 📝 Generate docstrings

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Post copyable unit tests in a comment
• Commit unit tests in branch feat/catch-and-default-funcs

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[coderabbitai]

Actionable comments posted: 1

🤖 Fix all issues with AI agents

In `@toZSS.go`:
- Around line 397-402: The function defaultValueFromAnyFunc should guard against
the case where defaultFunc returns nil before calling deepCopyPrimitivePtr;
modify defaultValueFromAnyFunc (the function named defaultValueFromAnyFunc) to
check if val == nil (or reflect.ValueOf(val).IsValid()/IsNil for
interface-contained nil) and return nil immediately when the returned interface
is nil, otherwise call deepCopyPrimitivePtr(&val) as before to avoid
deepCopyPrimitivePtr invoking rv.Elem() on an invalid reflect.Value and causing
a panic.

🧹 Nitpick comments (1)

slices.go (1)

214-224: Default delegates to DefaultFunc — note shared reference for mutable types.

Default(val any) closes over val. For reference types like slices, every invocation of defaultFunc returns the same underlying reference. If a Validate/Transform later mutates the slice in-place, the "default" is permanently changed. DefaultFunc gives users an escape hatch (return a fresh slice each call), but Default silently shares.

This is a pre-existing concern (same semantics as the old pointer-based approach) and not a regression, but worth a doc note or comment for future maintainers.