C++ Primer(第五版) 7.1.1--7.1.3节练习

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这篇博客介绍了C++ Primer第五版中7.1.1到7.1.3章节关于Sales_data类的实践，包括使用Sales_data处理交易、添加combine和isbn成员函数、利用这些函数进行操作。内容还涉及了const成员函数的使用、avg_price成员、add、read和print函数的增删以及read和print函数引用类型的考虑。

7.1 Sales_data类：

#ifndef	SALES_DATA_H
#define	SALES_DATA_H

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct Sales_data {
	string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};

#endif

使用Sales_data实现交易处理程序：

#include "Sales_data.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Sales_data total;
	double price = 0;
	
	if (cin >> total.bookNo >> total.units_sold >> price) {
		total.revenue = total.units_sold * price;
		
		Sales_data trans;
		while (cin >> trans.bookNo >> trans.units_sold >> price) {
			trans.revenue = trans.units_sold * price;
			if (total.bookNo == trans.bookNo) {
				total.units_sold += trans.units_sold;
				total.revenue += trans.revenue;
			} else {
				cout << total.bookNo << " " << total.units_sold << " " << total.revenue << endl;
				total.bookNo = trans.bookNo;
				total.units_sold = trans.units_sold;
				total.revenue = trans.revenue;
			}
		}
		cout << total.bookNo << " " << total.units_sold << " " << total.revenue << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

7.2 添加combine和isbn成员：

#ifndef	SALES_DATA_H
#define	SALES_DATA_H

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

struct Sales_data {
	string isbn const { return bookNo; };
	Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data&);
	string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};

Sales_data&
Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
	revenue += rhs.revenue;
	return *this;
}


#endif

7.3 使用combine和isbn()：

#include "Sales_data.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Sales_data total;
	double price = 0;
	
	if (cin >> total.bookNo >> total.units_sold >> price) {
		total.revenue = total.units_sold * price;
		
		Sales_data trans;
		while (cin >> trans.bookNo >> trans.units_sold >> price) {
			trans.revenue = trans.units_sold * price;
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
				total.combine(trans);
			} else {
				cout << total.bookNo << " " << total.units_sold << " " << total.revenue << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		cout << total.bookNo << " " << total.units_sold << " " << total.revenue << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

7.4 见练习7.5

7.5

#ifndef	PERSON_H
#define	PERSON_H

class Person {
public:
	string getName() const { return name; }
	string getAddress() const { return address; }
private:
	string name;
	string address;
};


#endif

成员函数不改变调用它的对象的内容，应该定义为const的。

7.6 增加avg_prce成员，增加add，read和print函数：

double
Sales_data::avg_price() const {
	if (units_sold)
		return revenue/units_sold;
	else
		return 0;
}

Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	Sales_data sum = lhs;
	sum.combine(rhs);
	return sum;
}

istream &read(istream &is, Sales_data &item)
{
	double price = 0;
	is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
	item.revenue = item.units_sold * price;
	return is;
}

ostream &print(ostream &os, const Sales_data &item)
{
	os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();
	return os;
}

7.7 使用新增加的函数：

#include "Sales_data.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	Sales_data total;
	double price = 0;
	
	if (read(cin, total)) {
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(cin, trans)) {
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn()) {
				total.combine(trans);
			} else {
				print(cout, total) << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(cout, total) << endl;
	} else {
		cerr << "No data?!" << endl;
		return -1;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

7.8 read函数需要修改对象，所以是普通引用，print函数不需要，为常量引用。

7.9

istream &read(istream &is, Person &item)
{
	is >> name >> address;
	return is;
}

ostream &print(ostream &os, const Person &item)
{
	os << item.getName() << " " << item.getAddress();
	return os;
}

7.10 连续读入data1，和data2，输入正确则满足条件，否则不满足条件。内层read(cin, data1)返回cin，可以作为外层read的第一个参数使用。