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Gary L. Engstrom

Gary L. Engstrom

Science-trained educator, instructional designer, and corporate change agent. Questions (almost) everything, and seeks the root-cause of problems.

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Forgiveness:

The Evolutionary Advantage

16 min readSep 27, 2026

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Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, how many times shall I forgive (aphiemi) my brother or sister who sins against me? Up to seven times?”Jesus answered, “I tell you, not seven times, but seventy times seven. ~Matthew 18:21–22~

This article is related to my participation with a discussion group focusing on Christian vocabulary. This is the third word, forgiveness (and its companion word, repentance) as these words are introduced in Marcus Borg’s book Speaking Christian. Previous topics were “Sin,” and “Righteous.” In short, sin was defined as “missing the mark” and being righteous, being in alignment with God’s precepts and, of course, neighbor. The next word will be, “Salvation,” so stay tuned.

My two previous articles, dealing with these concepts are:

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To set up this article

Inverted triangle within circle. Graphic by author.

The triangle and circle have been sacred symbols since antiquity. The inverted triangle becomes a vessel, like a chalice, or a valley holding water. Water symbolizes life, cleansing and healing. The…

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Gary L. Engstrom
Gary L. Engstrom

Written by Gary L. Engstrom

Science-trained educator, instructional designer, and corporate change agent. Questions (almost) everything, and seeks the root-cause of problems.