Function in Python
Defining a Function
def fun():
print(“Welcome to GFG”)
fun();
# Function Arguments
def evenOdd(num):
if(num%2==0):
return “even”
else:
return “odd”
print(evenOdd(10))
print(evenOdd(5))
# Types of Function Arguments
# 1.Default Arguments- used when no value is passed to the function, it takes the default value.
def greet(name=”Guest”):
print(“Hello”,name)
greet()
# 2. Keyword Arguments- used when we want to pass the value to the function by using the name of the parameter.
def greet(name,age):
print(“hello”,name, “you are”,age,”years old”)
greet(age=27,name=”Sapna”)
# 3 Positional Arguments- used when we want to pass the value to the function in the same order as the parameters are defined.
def greet(name,age):
print(“hello”,name,”you are”,age)
greet(“sapna”,27)
greet(27,”sapna”) # this will give wrong output because the order of the arguments is not correct.
# 4. Arbitrary Arguments- allow functions to accept multiple values. This is done using two special symbols:
# a. *args — Multiple positional arguments — *args collects extra values into a tuple.
def greet(*args):
for name in args:
print(“hello”,name)
greet(“sapna”,”sneha”,”priya”)
# b. **kwargs — Multiple keyword arguments
# **kwargs collects extra named values into a dictionary.
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def greet(**kwargs):
for key, value in kwargs.items():
print(f”{key}:{value}”)
greet(name=”sapna”,age=27,city=”delhi”)
# Function within Functions —
A function can be defined inside another function. The inner function can access the variables of the outer function.
def greet():
name = “sapna”
def message():
print(“hello”,name)
message()
greet()
# Return Statement — used to return a value from a function. It can be used to return any type of value, including numbers, strings, lists, etc.
def add(a, b):
return a + b
result = add(5, 10)
print(result)
# Pass by Reference and Pass by Value
# a. pass by value -A copy of the value is sent to the function. Changes inside the function do not affect the original variable.
x = 10
def fun(x):
x = x+ 5;
print(“inside fun:”, x)
fun(x)
name = “Rahul”
def change_name(text):
text = “Amit”
print(“Inside function:”, text)
change_name(name)
print(“Outside function:”, name)
# b. pass by reference — A reference to the original variable is sent to the function. Changes inside the function affect the original variable.
number = [1, 2, 3]
def func(num):
num.append(4)
func(number)
print(number)
